# Perceived Institutional Support Scale — Item Draft

**Construct:** Perceived institutional support (PIS)
**Format:** 5-point Likert (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree)

## Positively keyed items

1. My institution provides the resources I need to do my work effectively.
2. Senior leadership actively backs faculty initiatives in my department.
3. I receive timely recognition for my contributions at this institution.

## Reverse-coded items (with construct-equivalence justification)

4. [REVERSE] My institution leaves me without the resources I need to do my work.
   *Construct-equivalence justification: Item 4 is true reverse-coded relative to
   item 1 because it probes the same construct (perceived institutional resource
   provision) on the same Likert dimension (agreement). It is not a contrast item
   probing intrinsic motivation or a related construct.*

5. [REVERSE] I feel my institution does not back the initiatives I care about.
   *Construct-equivalence justification: Item 5 is true reverse-coded relative to
   item 2 because it probes the same construct (perceived leadership backing) on
   the same Likert dimension (agreement). It is not a contrast item.*

**Scoring note:** Items 4 and 5 are true reverse-coded per psychometric_terminology_glossary.md.
Subtract each from 6 before summing with items 1–3 to produce the PIS composite.
